Difference between revisions of "Ankarana National Park"

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'''Tsingy Meva'''<br>
 
'''Tsingy Meva'''<br>
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Easy 2- to 3-hours trek with a steep climb and steep descent. The track passes through the northern Ankarana massif and the southern part of the [[Montagne d’Ambre]]. Along the track it is possible to see the entrance of the bats grotto. Trekkers have the opportunity to touch the tsingy and observe its particular vegetation, such as the endemic ''Pachypodium decaryi'', ''Cyphostemma'' and ''Euphorbia
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Easy 2- to 3-hours trek with a steep climb and steep descent. The track passes through the northern Ankarana massif and the southern part of the [[Montagne d’Ambre]]. Along the track it is possible to see the entrance of the bats grotto. Trekkers have the opportunity to touch the tsingy and observe its particular vegetation, such as the endemic ''Pachypodium decaryi'', ''Cyphostemma'' and
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ankaranensis''. Lemurs include the Crowned lemur, Sanford's lemur and Northern sportive lemur. Furthermore one can see the Ring-tailed mongoose, skinks (in the rainy season), [[Velvet Gecko]], Leaf Chameleon and [[Flat-tailed Gecko]].
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''Euphorbia ankaranensis''. Lemurs include the Crowned lemur, Sanford's lemur and Northern sportive lemur. Furthermore one can see the Ring-tailed mongoose, skinks (in the rainy season), [[Velvet Gecko]], Leaf Chameleon and [[Flat-tailed Gecko]].

Revision as of 13:31, 16 December 2011

The Ankarana National Park is located in the Diana region in the northern part of Madagascar. The park lies 108 kilometres south of Antsiranana (Diego Suarez) and about 20 kilometres north of Ambilobe. The four rural disctricts of Marivorahona, Anivorano, Ambondrona and Antsaravibe surround the park. From Antsiranana it takes between two and three hours by taxi-brousse to reach the main entrance on the east-side at Mahamasina along the RN6. Most of the people living in the region belong to the Antakarana ethnic group.

Ankarana National Park has a total area of 18,225ha and an altitude of 206m. The predominant climate is dry tropical with an annual rainfall below 2,000mm. Most of the rain falls in January. The dry season lasts from April to November. March is the hottest month with a maximum temperature of 36.2°C and June is the coldest with a minimum temperature of 13.5°C.

The topography of Ankarana is characterised by limestone emerging from a basaltic plain 50m above sea level, forming the tsingy (sharp limestone karst pinnacles). Numerous underground caves and canyons traverse the massif. Four major rivers flow through the reserve: Besaboba eastward, Ankarana from the north, Antenan'Ankarana and Mananjeba from the south. The first three are underground rivers whose specific watercourses still remain unknown.


Fauna

For visitors of the reserve there is much to discover in the forest, rivers and caves. In 2010 a biological inventory identified:

  • 50 shellfish species and a large number of tsingy snails
  • 14 bat species, half the species of bats in Madagascar
  • 60 species of reptiles and amphibians
  • 11 species of lemurs
  • 96 bird species

Invertebrates

Ankarana is home to at least 50 shellfish species, including 10 water species. Amongst the most interesting species is the great land snail Tropidophora. Several species of collembola (springtail) and amphipods are endemic to the caves and streams of Ankarana.

Vertebrates

Fishes

The species Glossogobius ankaranensis is endemic to Ankarana. Glossogobius callidus (River goby) and Pachypanchax sp are also present in the streams of Ankarana.

Reptiles / Amphibians

Ankarana has a very high diversity of reptiles and amphibians, at least 60 species have been inventoried. Following species are endemic to Ankarana:

  • Frogs
    • Anodonthyla sp nov
    • Mantidactylus sp nov
  • Skink
    • Amphiglossus sp nov
  • Snakes
    • Alluaudina moquardi
    • Liophidium therezieni
    • Liophidium sp nov
    • Heteroliodon sp nov
    • Stenophis sp nov 1
    • Stenophis sp nov 2
  • Lizard
    • Lygodactylus expectatus
  • Gecko
  • Crocodile

Birds

There are at least 96 bird species in Ankarana, many of which are of great importance for conservation. They are:

Mammals

Ankarana is home to many species of mammals, including 14 species of bats, meaning that half of the bats of Madagascar live in the underground caves of Ankarana. Two amongst them are the smallest and biggest bats of the world: The Megachiroptere (Megabat) and the Microchiroptere (Microbat).

Of the 11 lemur species present in Ankarana, the most commonly observed are:

The famous Propithecus diadema perrieri, known as Black sifaka / Diademed sifaka, was last seen by park rangers in 1995 and 1996. Meanwhile, the presence of Microcebus myoxinus (Peters's mouse lemur) still needs to be to reconfirmed.

Endemic carnivores living in Ankarana are:

The best fauna most visible to tourists

Scientific name English name Description Where to find When to find
Eulemur coronatus Crowned lemur Crowned head lemur, male has a dark brown fur. Prowls in the forest of the canyon near the camp and along the track to the Green Lake (Lac Vert). Morning before noon and in the afternoon between 3pm and 5pm.
Eulemur fulvus sanfordi Brown lemur / Sanford's lemur More luxuriant hair on the head. Males have a bushy collar of beard. On the Green Lake track and around the camp Andrafiabe. Morning before noon and in the afternoon between 3pm and 5pm.
Lepilemur septentrionalis Northern sportive lemur Small lemur with big eyes. Usually in a tree along the trail to the Green Lake and to the bats cave. All day whilst sleeping.
Galidia elegans Ring-tailed mongoose Mongoose with deep reddish-brown fur and a long, bushy black and red striped tail. Around the camp. At any time of the day.
Uroplatus ebenaui Spear-tailed gecko Usually camouflaged in the colour of the tree trunk, sitting 1.50m above the ground. On the slopes of the circuits but difficult to find because of its very effective camouflage. During the morning.
Furcifer pardalis Panther chameleon Dark green chameleon with a red stripe, white on the stomach. On the slopes of the circuits in the canyons, abundant in the rainy season. At any time of the day.
Crocodylus niloticus Nile crocodile Black crocodile with short muzzle. Entire body lies in water, except the eyes and nose. In the crocodile cave. During the dry season at any time of the day.
Lophotibus cristata Madagascar Crested Ibis Bird with a bent stature, red and white feathers and short tail. Along the trail to the Green Lake and in the canyon forest. During the morning.
Mesitornis variegata White-breasted mesite A bird slightly larger than the green pigeons. Light brown mottled with white chest, pointed beak, often in groups of eight to ten. Along the trail to the Green Lake and in the canyon forest. During the morning and late afternoon.
Rousettus madagascarensis Bats of larger size compared to other species, more elongated snout, gray/dark brown. In several caves in Ankarana, several groups in the bats cave. During the day.
Glossogobius ankaranensis Blind fish, white and transparent. In the underground rivers in the caves. During the day.


Flora

Studies have revealed, that at least 330 species plant species of 77 families grow in Ankarana. Most trees are deciduous and many bloom from September to November.

Several species endemic to the far north can be found in Ankarana:

In Ankarana also grow epiphytical plants, plants which grow on top of other plants and trees for mechanical support, but not for nutrients. The most remarkable is:

Canopy species of Ankarana are:

  • Dalbergia
  • Canarium
  • Sideroxylon
  • Adenia
  • Diospyros
  • Pandanus
  • Zanthoxylum
  • Ficus
  • Mezonovium
  • Ricinus communis

The vegetation of Ankarana is distinguished in:

  • xerophytic vegetation on the tsingy with extreme adaptation to drought and forming a sparse coverage. The most typical species are:
    • Adenia (Passifloraceae)
    • Pachipodium
    • Ficus (Moraceae)
    • Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)
    • Aloe (Liliaceae)
  • forests on basaltic soils or in the gorges are the richest in species diversity. The most typical species are:
    • Zanthoxylon (Rutaceae)
    • Ficus (Moraceae)
    • Dalbergia (Fabaceae)
    • Cassia (Fabaceae)
    • Diospyros (Ebenaceae))
    • Canarium (Burseraceae)
    • Andansonia (Bombacaceae)
    • Pandanus (Pandanaceae)
  • forests on calcareous soils or limestone and basalt mixture or deciduous forests and dry deciduous western forests
  • wooded grassland, an are quite important for Commiphora (Burseraceae), Hildegardia (Sterculiaceae) and Andasonia (Bombacaceae). Canopy rising to 20 metres. This is the kind of forest known in western Madagascar.
  • bamboo forests
  • wetland vegetation which can be found near or around lakes or seasonal perennial.

The best flora most visible to tourists

Scientific name English name Description Where to find
Adansonia madagascarensis Baobab Baobab with a large trunk and thick bark, high canopy. Edible fruits are rich in calcium. Dominates the track of the Turrets of Tsingy.
Euphorbia ankaranensis Tsingy vegetation, rough grass with spiny trunk and red flowers. Endemic to the reserve. Grows between the rocks of the tsingy.
Adenia lapiazicola Tsingy vegetation, liana similar to the shape of a demijohn, stores water in the dry season. Grows between the rocks of the tsingy.
Cyphostema macrocarpa Tsingy vegetation, bottle-shaped vine with bark that peels. Grows between the rocks of the tsingy.
Commiphora spp Paper tree or Vazaha tree Tree with a gnarled trunk, bark peels in the dry season. In the tsingy and dense dry forest.
Dalbergia spp Palissandre Tree with a huge trunk and hard bark, high canopy. Leafs rather small and composed. In the semi-evergreen forest of the canyon (along the trail to the Green Lake and near the Camp of the Princes.
Ficus spp Tree with a huge trunk and air roots. In the semi-evergreen forests of the canyon along the Green Lake trail.
Tacca ankaranensis Shrub with a long thin stem and leafs similar to a papaya. Grows everywhere in the tsingy during the rainy season.


Guides and entrance fees

There are 50 guides working for the park, all of which have excellent knowledge about the park, its biodiversity and ecosystems, ethical guidance, culture of the Antakarana people as well as first aid.

The admission fee for visiting the park depends on how many days will be spend. Foreign tourists pay 25,000 Ariary for 1 day, 37,000 Ariary for 2 days, 40,000 Ariary for 3 days and 50,000 Ariary for 4 to 10 days (prices 2010). The fee for a guide depends on the chosen tour (circuit).

Circuits (tours)

Eight circuits cross the Ankarana National Park. Starting point for each circuit is the main office at Mahamasina. It is possible to combine several circuits for one visit.

The cave of the bats
Easy 2- to 3-hour trek, including a steep slope, to an underground cave with 8 species of bats from small to large size. It is possible to see some lemurs such as Crowned lemur, Sanford's lemur and Northern sportive lemur. If lucky, one can see a Ring-tailed mongoose and even a Fossa.

Loss of rivers
Easy 1- to 2-hour trek, suitable for combining with other circuits. Great views over the Ankarana landscape from the Ampasambazaha viewpoint. The track crosses a baobab forest, very close to the Ampondrabe river. The circuit ends at a big gulf (loss of rivers) where the three Ankarana rivers flow away (especially spectacular after lots of rain). Along the track it is possible to observe animals such as Brookesia (Leaf Chameleon), Crowned lemur, Sanford's lemur and Northern sportive lemur as well as birds such as the rare Dronge and Magpie-robin.

Tsingy Meva
Easy 2- to 3-hours trek with a steep climb and steep descent. The track passes through the northern Ankarana massif and the southern part of the Montagne d’Ambre. Along the track it is possible to see the entrance of the bats grotto. Trekkers have the opportunity to touch the tsingy and observe its particular vegetation, such as the endemic Pachypodium decaryi, Cyphostemma and Euphorbia ankaranensis. Lemurs include the Crowned lemur, Sanford's lemur and Northern sportive lemur. Furthermore one can see the Ring-tailed mongoose, skinks (in the rainy season), Velvet Gecko, Leaf Chameleon and Flat-tailed Gecko.

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