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Ankarana National Park has a total area of 18,225ha and an altitude of 206m. The predominant climate is dry tropical with an annual rainfall below 2,000mm. Most of the rain falls in January. The dry season lasts from April to November. March is the hottest month with a maximum temperature of 36.2°C and June with a minimum temperature of 13.5°C the coldest.
The topography of Ankarana is characterised by limestone emerging from basaltic plains 50m above sea level, forming the ''Tsingy'' (limestone karst pinnacles). Numerous caves, canyons and underground streams traverse the massif.
